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Against Heresies
Irenaeus of Lyons
Book 5 · Chapter 13 About this work A five-book account and refutation of competing Christian movements that also develops Irenaeus’s positive theology of creation, Scripture, apostolic tradition, incarnation, salvation, and recapitulation in Christ.
Author Irenaeus of Lyons
Date c. AD 175–185
Origin Lyons, Gaul
Genre Heresiology In the dead who were raised by Christ we possess the highest proof of the resurrection; and our hearts are shown to be capable of life eternal, because they can now receive the Spirit of God. Section 1 1 . Let our opponents — that is ,
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they
who
speak
against
their
own
salvation
—
inform
us
[
as
to
this
point
]
:
The
deceased
daughter
of
the
high
priest
;
the
widow’s
dead
son
,
who
was
being
carried
out
[
to
burial
]
near
the
gate
[
of
the
city
]
;
and
Lazarus
,
who
had
lain
four
days
in
the
tomb
,
—
in
what
bodies
did
they
rise
again
?
In
those
same
,
no
doubt
,
in
which
they
had
also
died
.
For
if
it
were
not
in
the
very
same
,
then
certainly
those
same
individuals
who
had
died
did
not
rise
again
.
For
[
the
Scripture
]
says
,
“
The
Lord
took
the
hand
of
the
dead
man
,
and
said
to
him
,
Young
man
,
I
say
unto
thee
,
Arise
.
And
the
dead
man
sat
up
,
and
He
commanded
that
something
should
be
given
him
to
eat
;
and
He
delivered
him
to
his
mother
.
”
Again
,
He
called
Lazarus
“
with
a
loud
voice
,
saying
,
Lazarus
,
come
forth
;
and
he
that
was
dead
came
forth
bound
with
bandages
,
feet
and
hands
.
”
This
was
symbolical
of
that
man
who
had
been
bound
in
sins
.
And
therefore
the
Lord
said
,
“
Loose
him
,
and
let
him
depart
.
”
As
,
therefore
,
those
who
were
healed
were
made
whole
in
those
members
which
had
in
times
past
been
afflicted
;
and
the
dead
rose
in
the
identical
bodies
,
their
limbs
and
bodies
receiving
health
,
and
that
life
which
was
granted
by
the
Lord
,
who
prefigures
eternal
things
by
temporal
,
and
shows
that
it
is
He
who
is
Himself
able
to
extend
both
healing
and
life
to
His
handiwork
,
that
His
words
concerning
its
[
future
]
resurrection
may
also
be
believed
;
so
also
at
the
end
,
when
the
Lord
utters
His
voice
“
by
the
last
trumpet
,
”
the
dead
shall
be
raised
,
as
He
Himself
declares
:
“
The
hour
shall
come
,
in
which
all
the
dead
which
are
in
the
tombs
shall
hear
the
voice
of
the
Son
of
man
,
and
shall
come
forth
;
those
that
have
done
good
to
the
resurrection
of
life
,
and
those
that
have
done
evil
to
the
resurrection
of
judgment
.
”
Section 2 2 . Vain , therefore , and truly miserable , are those who do not choose to see what is so manifest and clear , but shun the light of truth , blinding themselves like the tragic Œdipus . And as those who are not practised in wrestling , when they contend with others , laying hold with a determined grasp of some part of [ their opponent’s ] body , really fall by means of that which they grasp , yet when they fall , imagine that they are gaining the victory , because they have obstinately kept their hold upon that part which they seized at the outset , and besides falling , become subjects of ridicule ; so is it with respect to that [ favourite ] expression of the heretics : “ Flesh and blood cannot inherit the kingdom of God ; ” while taking two expressions of Paul’s , without having perceived the apostle’s meaning , or examined critically the force of the terms , but keeping fast hold of the mere expressions by themselves , they die in consequence of their influence ( περὶ αὐτάς ) , overturning as far as in them lies the entire dispensation of God .
Section 3 3 . For thus they will allege that this passage refers to the flesh strictly so called , and not to fleshly works , as I have pointed out , so representing the apostle as contradicting himself . For immediately following , in the same Epistle , he says conclusively , speaking thus in reference to the flesh : “ For this corruptible must put on incorruption , and this mortal must put on immortality . So , when this mortal shall have put on immortality , then shall be brought to pass the saying which is written , Death is swallowed up in victory . O death , where is thy sting ? O death , where is thy victory ? ” Now these words shall be appropriately said at the time when this mortal and corruptible flesh , which is subject to death , which also is pressed down by a certain dominion of death , rising up into life , shall put on incorruption and immortality . For then , indeed , shall death be truly vanquished , when that flesh which is held down by it shall go forth from under its dominion . And again , to the Philippians he says : “ But our conversation is in heaven , from whence also we look for the Saviour , the Lord Jesus , who shall transfigure the body of our humiliation conformable to the body of His glory , even as He is able ( ita ut possit ) according to the working of His own power . ” What , then , is this “ body of humiliation ” which the Lord shall transfigure , [ so as to be ] conformed to “ the body of His glory ? ” Plainly it is this body composed of flesh , which is indeed humbled when it falls into the earth . Now its transformation [ takes place thus ] , that while it is mortal and corruptible , it becomes immortal and incorruptible , not after its own proper substance , but after the mighty working of the Lord , who is able to invest the mortal with immortality , and the corruptible with incorruption . And therefore he says , “ that mortality may be swallowed up of life . He who has perfected us for this very thing is God , who also has given unto us the earnest of the Spirit . ” He uses these words most manifestly in reference to the flesh ; for the soul is not mortal , neither is the spirit . Now , what is mortal shall be swallowed up of life , when the flesh is dead no longer , but remains living and incorruptible , hymning the praises of God , who has perfected us for this very thing . In order , therefore , that we may be perfected for this , aptly does he say to the Corinthians , “ Glorify God in your body . ” Now God is He who gives rise to immortality .
Section 4 4 . That he uses these words with respect to the body of flesh , and to none other , he declares to the Corinthians manifestly , indubitably , and free from all ambiguity : “ Always bearing about in our body the dying of Jesus , that also the life of Jesus Christ might be manifested in our body . For if we who live are delivered unto death for Jesus ’ sake , it is that the life of Jesus may also be manifested in our mortal flesh . ” And that the Spirit lays hold on the flesh , he says in the same Epistle , “ That ye are the epistle of Christ , ministered by us , inscribed not with ink , but with the Spirit of the living God , not in tables of stone , but in the fleshly tables of the heart . ” If , therefore , in the present time , fleshly hearts are made partakers of the Spirit , what is there astonishing if , in the resurrection , they receive that life which is granted by the Spirit ? Of which resurrection the apostle speaks in the Epistle to the Philippians : “ Having been made conformable to His death , if by any means I might attain to the resurrection which is from the dead . ” In what other mortal flesh , therefore , can life be understood as being manifested , unless in that substance which is also put to death on account of that confession which is made of God ? — as he has himself declared , “ If , as a man , I have fought with beasts at Ephesus , what advantageth it me if the dead rise not ? For if the dead rise not , neither has Christ risen . Now , if Christ has not risen , our preaching is vain , and your faith is vain . In that case , too , we are found false witnesses for God , since we have testified that He raised up Christ , whom [ upon that supposition ] He did not raise up . For if the dead rise not , neither has Christ risen . But if Christ be not risen , your faith is vain , since ye are yet in your sins . Therefore those who have fallen asleep in Christ have perished . If in this life only we have hope in Christ , we are more miserable than all men . But now Christ has risen from the dead , the first - fruits of those that sleep ; for as by man [ came ] death , by man also [ came ] the resurrection of the dead . ”
Section 5 5 . In all these passages , therefore , as I have already said , these men must either allege that the apostle expresses opinions contradicting himself , with respect to that statement , “ Flesh and blood cannot inherit the kingdom of God ; ” or , on the other hand , they will be forced to make perverse and crooked interpretations of all the passages , so as to overturn and alter the sense of the words . For what sensible thing can they say , if they endeavour to interpret otherwise this which he writes : “ For this corruptible must put on incorruption , and this mortal put on immortality ; ” and , “ That the life of Jesus may be made manifest in our mortal flesh ; ” and all the other passages in which the apostle does manifestly and clearly declare the resurrection and incorruption of the flesh ? And thus shall they be compelled to put a false interpretation upon passages such as these , they who do not choose to understand one correctly .
Notes 95 Mark v. 22. Irenæus confounds the ruler of the synagogue with the high priest. [Let not those who possess printed Bibles and concordances and commentaries, and all manner of helps to memory, blame the Fathers for such mistakes, until they at least equal them in their marvellous and minute familiarity with the inspired writers.]
96 Luke vii. 12.
97 John ix. 30.
98 The two miracles of raising the widow’s son and the rabbi’s daughter are here amalgamated.
99 1 Cor. xv. 52.
100 John v. 28.
101 1 Cor. xv. 53.
102 Phil. iii. 29, etc.
103 The original Greek text is preserved here, as above; the Latin translator inserts, “in secunda ad Corinthios.” Harvey observes: “The interpretation of the Scriptural reference by the translator suggests the suspicion that the greater number of such references have come in from the margin.”
104 2 Cor. v. 4.
105 1 Cor. vi. 20.
106 Agreeing with the Syriac version in omitting “the Lord” before the word “Jesus,” and in reading ἀεὶ as εἰ, which Harvey considers the true text.
107 2 Cor. iv. 10 , etc.
108 2 Cor. iii. 3.
109 Phil. iii. 11.
110 The Syriac translation seems to take a literal meaning out of this passage: “If, as one of the men, I have been cast forth to the wild beasts at Ephesus.”
111 This is in accordance with the Syriac, which omits the clause, εἴπερ ἄρα νεκροὶ οὐκ ἐγείρονται.
112 1 Cor. xv. 13 , etc.
113 1 Cor. xv. 53.
114 2 Cor. iv. 11.
